Sunscreen - the complete guide
Although sunscreen is most commonly used by women, it is just as important for men to protect their skin from sun damage. Sunscreen not only protects the skin from the sun's harmful rays, but it can also help prevent premature aging and keep the skin healthy and fresh. So there is no reason to play macho, or listen to the old (and dangerous) advice that you have to be red before you are brown!
Sun protection is not only relevant for those who spend many hours in the sun. Even daily exposure can lead to significant skin damage over time, and for many people this damage can accumulate over the years. At the same time, we must remember that the sun's rays are also healthy, they provide vitamin D and can also put us in a good mood. So the guide here is just an introduction and help to take care of the skin when you are out in the sun.
Excessive exposure to sunlight can lead to:
- Burns:
This is an immediate reaction to too much sunlight. Burns can range from mild to severe, with the skin becoming red, painful and sometimes swollen.
- Skin damage:
Repeated exposure without protection can lead to changes in skin texture, including wrinkles, age spots and a leathery texture.
- Premature aging:
The sun can accelerate the aging process and make the skin look older prematurely.
- Skin cancer:
Unprotected sun exposure increases the risk of various types of skin cancer, especially melanoma, which is the deadliest type.
Protection from the sun is therefore important, not only to preserve the aesthetics of the skin, but also for general health.
UVA vs. UVB rays
The sun emits a number of ultraviolet (UV) rays, but the two most relevant when we talk about the human skin and sun protection are UVA and UVB.
UVA Rays:
Properties: They penetrate deep into the skin and are responsible for premature ageing. Damage: Contributes to the skin's aging process and can lead to skin cancer through the underlying DNA damage. They are also active all year round and can penetrate clouds and glass.
UVB Rays:
Properties: These are primarily responsible for sunburn, as they damage the more superficial layer of the skin. Damage: Directly related to various forms of skin cancer. UVB rays are most intense between 10 and 16 and in the summer months, but they can also be reflected by snow or ice.
Both UVA and UVB rays can cause damage to the skin, which is why it is important to choose a sunscreen that protects against both types of rays (broad-spectrum protection).
Choice of sunscreen
When it comes to sunscreen, there is no one-size-fits-all solution. Different people have different needs based on their skin type, activities and environment:
Choose a sunscreen with the right SPF (Sun Protection Factor) and indicates how well a sunscreen protects against UVB rays. It is recommended to use a sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30, but if you are particularly sensitive to the sun, consider a higher SPF. There are also daily guides for which SPF you should use if you are in doubt. And remember that if you are going on holiday, a higher SPF is always recommended.
Skin type:
People with lighter skin tend to burn more easily, while people with darker skin tones still need protection even though they burn less easily. Also, people with sensitive skin or skin conditions such as eczema may require specific types of sunscreen.
Sunscreen type:
There are mainly two types of sunscreens:
1) Chemical sunscreen that absorbs UV rays.
2) Physical or mineral sunscreen, which reflects the rays away from the skin.
Activity:
Water and sweat resistant sunscreens are essential for those planning water activities or intense physical activity. These sunscreens last longer on the skin but should still be applied regularly.
Special needs:
There are sunscreens designed specifically for the face, lips, children, sports, etc. Some sunscreens also contain moisturizers, antioxidants, or other skin care ingredients.
Applying sunscreen:
Apply sunscreen regularly:
It is important to apply sunscreen regularly - approx. every two hours when you are outdoors. If you sweat a lot or swim, apply sunscreen more frequently as it may wear off or wash off. Alternatively, use a sunscreen that is made to be used in the water or when you play sports.
Apply enough sunscreen:
Many do not use enough sunscreen, which can reduce protection. It is recommended to use approx. a teaspoon of sunscreen for the face and neck and approx. a handful for the rest of the body.
Apply sunscreen 15-30 minutes before going out in the sun:
It takes time for the sunscreen to penetrate the skin and provide maximum protection, so make sure you apply it 15-30 minutes before you go out in the sun.
Use sunscreen on all exposed areas:
That is where the sun reaches the skin.
Apply sunscreen after sweating or bathing:
If you sweat or bathe, the sunscreen may disappear or wash off, so be sure to apply more sunscreen when you're done.
Use sunscreen all year round:
UV rays can still be harmful even when the sun isn't shining, so it's important to use sunscreen all year round, especially if you spend long periods of time outdoors. Here we can recommend a day cream with SPF in it, so you remember more easily to get your daily sun protection.
Remember that sunscreen not only protects your skin from sun damage and premature aging, but it can also help prevent skin cancer. So be sure to take sunscreen into consideration when planning your outdoor activities.
More about sunscreens
There are also sunscreens that can be used under makeup.
Remember that sunscreen is even more important - preferably with a high SPF factor - when it is for children and babies.
Please also protect the skin with hats and sun-protective clothing.
Be careful about using sunscreens that easily come off in the water, especially if you are in a place where the marine environment is easily damaged, such as near coral reefs.
Regardless, it's a good idea to familiarize yourself with how to optimally use sunscreen, and make sure to use it as soon as the sun starts to "gain power" again.
The National Board of Health's recommendations for preventing skin cancer:
1. Avoid the sun between 12 and 15 when it is strongest.
2. Cover the skin with a sun hat and clothing.
3. Use sunscreen on the areas exposed to the sun. With these tips in mind, you can protect your skin better when enjoying the sun!
